ARROW-14848: [R] Implement bindings for lubridate's parse_date_time

[dragosmg]

This PR adds a partial implementation of parse_date_time():

• only parses the year, month, and date components (no hours, minutes and seconds yet)
• does not support parsing of strings without separators (e.g. "220912" to 2022-09-12)
• lubridate::parse_date_time() infers the most likely format given orders (via guess_formats(), while the Arrow binding does not do any inference.

[github-actions]

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See also:

• Other pull requests
• Contribution Guidelines - How to contribute patches

[github-actions]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-14848

[github-actions]

⚠️ Ticket has not been started in JIRA, please click 'Start Progress'.

[dragosmg]

There seems to be a registration issue with replace_substring_regex: https://github.com/apache/arrow/runs/5787187215?check_suite_focus=true#step:20:18491

[dragosmg]

It looks like the arrow replace_substring_regex function (used by the gsub binding) isn't registered for R 3.6 with rtools35 on Windows. Would it be acceptable to skip the offending unit test on R 3.6 on Windows?

[dragosmg]

I added a detailed NEWS entry about the current limitations of parse_date_time().

[dragosmg]

@jonkeane is there anything else I need to do on this PR?

[dragosmg]

@jonkeane is there anything else needed for this PR?

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = b264dca and contender = 214135d. 214135d is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished ⬇️0.58% ⬆️0.0%] test-mac-arm
[Finished ⬇️2.5% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.32% ⬆️0.04%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] 214135d8 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished] 214135d8 test-mac-arm
[Finished] 214135d8 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] 214135d8 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
[Finished] b264dca5 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished] b264dca5 test-mac-arm
[Finished] b264dca5 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] b264dca5 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java

[ursabot]

['Python', 'R'] benchmarks have high level of regressions.
ursa-i9-9960x