MINOR: [C++] Fix unity build error

[lidavidm]

/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/compute/exec/bloom_filter.h:252:25: error: type attributes ignored after type is already defined [-Werror=attributes]
  252 | enum class ARROW_EXPORT BloomFilterBuildStrategy {
      |                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

[westonpace]

Ah, you beat me to it.

[lidavidm]

UBSAN failure: ARROW-17675

R failures: I think that's the DuckDB issue

Integration: #14069, though I guess I have to go try patching zlib now

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = f184255 and contender = 8a9037d. 8a9037d is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed ⬇️1.02% ⬆️0.0%] test-mac-arm
[Failed ⬇️0.27% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️1.63% ⬆️0.11%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] 8a9037d4 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] 8a9037d4 test-mac-arm
[Failed] 8a9037d4 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] 8a9037d4 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
[Finished] f184255c ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] f184255c test-mac-arm
[Failed] f184255c ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] f184255c ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java