[CI] Fix CI on ubuntu-latest

[marcalff]

Fixes #3206

Changes

Please provide a brief description of the changes here.

• Upgraded gcc version from 10 to 12 for some builds
• Set explicitly ubuntu-22.04 on some other builds, due to specific setup (gcov, libc++)
• Temporarily raise the acceptable include-what-you-use errors
  • New iwyu errors are raised because the tool version was upgraded.
  • New iwyu reports to be fixed independently

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[netlify]

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[ThomsonTan]

Is ubuntu-latest updated?

[marcalff]

Is ubuntu-latest updated?

Yes: actions/runner-images#10636

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 87.83%. Comparing base (6ed0651) to head (60c79e2).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3207      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   87.82%   87.83%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         195      195              
  Lines        6154     6154              
==========================================
+ Hits         5404     5405       +1     
+ Misses        750      749       -1     

see 1 file with indirect coverage changes