[chore] service/telemetry: introduce Factory interface

[axw]

Description

Introduce a new Factory interface for constructing telemetry providers. This will enable overriding telemetry providers in a followup. The Factory interface is likely to change in a followup, see #13722

Link to tracking issue

Part of #4970

Testing

Unit tests added.

Documentation

N/A

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 96.77419% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 91.51%. Comparing base (822643b) to head (331fa14).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
service/telemetry/telemetry.go	96.55%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #13725      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.52%   91.51%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         640      640              
  Lines       42495    42508      +13     
==========================================
+ Hits        38894    38900       +6     
- Misses       2782     2787       +5     
- Partials      819      821       +2     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.