Easy REST-ful apps with Sinatra.

Using Sinatra's Hat is centered around the mount method, which is added to Sinatra::Base. It takes at bare minimum a model class. This class will be mounted as a REST-ful resource, giving you all the CRUD actions, as well as new and edit actions. Let's look at some code:

mount Article

Now you've basically got the same functionality as you'll get in Rails by running script/generate scaffold Article. The views for your Article will live in views/articles, and be named index.erb, show.erb, etc.

You can look at my Hatter project, or the examples/ directory in this one to see this in action.

Go ahead, try it.

By default, Sinatra's Hat works with ActiveRecord. That means that going to /articles will simply call Article.all to populate the @articles instance variable. Going to /articles/2 will call Article.find_by_id(2) to populate the @article instance variable.

We call find_by_id instead of find because the record option should simply return nil when the record can't be found.

Not every class is an ActiveRecord though (especially if you're not using ActiveRecord). That's why you can use the finder and record options.

This example will show you how to use DataMapper with Sinatra's Hat:

mount Article do
  finder { |model, params| model.all }
  record { |model, params| model.first(:id => params[:id]) }
end

As you can see, both finder and record take a block, which will get passed the "model" and params for each request. The reason you should use the "model" argument instead of referencing the class directly is that when you start nesting mounted models, then Sinatra's Hat will attempt to pass the association proxy as the model argument instead of the class itself.

"Nested mounted models?" you ask?

You don't want to have to expose your entire application at the top level of URL paths. That wouldn't be very RESTful, and more importantly, it'd be damn ugly. So Sinatra's Hat allows you to nest resources:

mount Article do
  mount Comment
end

With this example, you'd get /articles/1/comments, /articles/1/comments/1 and all the rest of the actions you get for articles, just nested. As long as your Article model supports a comments association proxy, then the finder and record options for Comment will automatically scope their results by the parent Article.

By default, Sinatra's Hat creates seven routes for each mounted model (the four ones for CRUD actions plus the routes for index, new and edit action), but you can reduce the number of available routes with only:

mount Article do
  only :index, :show
end

Only the listed actions will return valid responses; requests for the "missing" routes will produce 404 "Not Found" HTTP responses.

To protect actions using basic authentication, you can use the protect method.

mount Article do
  protect :create, :update, :destroy, :username => "foo", :password => "bar", :realm => "BLOGZ"
end

The above snippet will protect your CUD actions with basic auth, using the username "foo" and password "bar". The realm for the basic auth prompt will say "BLOGZ".

If you want to protect all of your actions, you cay say protect :all.

If a request has a format extensions, then Sinatra's Hat will first check to see if it has a custom way of serializing that format. To specify a custom formatter, you can use the formats hash:

mount Article do
  formats[:ruby] = { |data| data.inspect }
end

With that custom formatter, a request to /articles.ruby will return the equivalent of Article.all.inspect.

If you don't specify a custom formatter, then Sinatra's Hat will try to call to_#{format} on the record object. That means that with most ORMs, things like to_xml, to_json, and to_yaml will be supported right out of the box.

Requests for unknow formats will produce 406 "Not Acceptable" HTTP responses.

Sinatra's Hat has some default flows:

On Success: If a record is successfully created, Sinatra's Hat will redirect to that record's show page.

On Failure: If a record cannot be saved, Sinatra's Hat will render the new action.

On Success: If a record is successfully updated, Sinatra's Hat will redirect to that record's show page.

On Failure: If a record cannot be updated, Sinatra's Hat will render the edit action.

To specify custom flows for your actions, you can use the after method.

Let's say that after a user creates an Article, you want to render the article's edit action, and if it can't be created, you want to redirect back to the articles index.

mount Article do
  after :create do |on|
    on.success { |record| render(:edit) }
    on.failure { |record| redirect(:index) }
  end
end

Only :create and :update actions allow to handle success and failure differently; for the other actions you can customize only the success result and if something goes wrong (i.e., when a record cannot be found) they will simply return a 404 "Not Found" HTTP response.

When specifying a custom redirect, you can pass one of a few things:

When you pass redirect a string, the redirect will go to that string.

after :create do |on|
  on.success { |record| redirect("/articles/#{record.to_param}") }
end

When you pass redirect a record, the redirect will go to the show action for that record.

after :create do |on|
  on.success { |record| redirect(record) }
end

If you pass redirect the name of an action as a symbol (like :index), then the redirect will go to the correct path for that option:

after :create do |on|
  on.success { redirect(:index) }
end

When the action requires a record (like :show), then just pass the record as a second argument:

after :create do |on|
  on.success { |record| redirect(:show, record) }
end

When you want your response to just render a template, just call render with the name of the template:

after :create do |on|
  on.failure { |record| render(:new) }
end

• Make last_modified calls more efficient
• Investigate other forms of caching

• View the Lighthouse Project
• View the CI build
• Thanks a ton to the Sinatra team for such an awesome framework.

(c) Copyright 2008-2009 Pat Nakajima. All Rights Reserved.