Adopt `uv` as a Python package and project manager

[suhaibmujahid]

This will resolve many issues we face when onboarding new contributors, as the virtual environment will be automatically created with the Python version that we specify. Additionally, the indirect dependencies will be installed based on the versions specified in the uv.lock, ensuring that the package manager is using the same versions, which will also reduce issues on that front.

Bonus: it is 10-100x faster than pip.