FIX-#7569: Fix handling of pyarrow dtype and empty dataframes

[mpeleshenko]

What do these changes do?

Ensure empty Dataframes with pyarrow dtypes maintain the dtype metadata.

• first commit message and PR title follow format outlined here

  NOTE: If you edit the PR title to match this format, you need to add another commit (even if it's empty) or amend your last commit for the CI job that checks the PR title to pick up the new PR title.

• passes flake8 modin/ asv_bench/benchmarks scripts/doc_checker.py
• passes black --check modin/ asv_bench/benchmarks scripts/doc_checker.py
• signed commit with git commit -s
• Resolves BUG: Dataframe.dtypes is NaN for empty Dataframes with pyarrow dtypes #7569
• tests added and passing
• module layout described at docs/development/architecture.rst is up-to-date

[sfc-gh-joshi]

Thanks for the PR. CI failure looks unrelated, I'll investigate.

[sfc-gh-joshi]

@mpeleshenko Could you rebase your branch on latest main? I've skipped the test that's breaking CI.