Add support for destructuring well-known and late-bound names

[weswigham]

Fixes #23257

[ajafff]

I guess there will now be an error if the late bound computed property is not present in the destructured object?

declare function get<T>(): T;

let { [get<'foo'>()]: computed } = get<{ bar: string }>(); // error: property 'foo' does not exist in type '{bar: string}'?

Maybe add a test for that case?

Btw.: why is there no implicit any error if the computed property name is not a literal type and the destructured type has no index signature? Using element access there is an implicit any error with --noImplicitAny.