Automated cherry pick of #17456: Update golang to 1.23.10

[hakman]

Cherry pick of #17456 on release-1.31.

#17456: Update golang to 1.23.10

For details on the cherry pick process, see the cherry pick requests page.

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: rifelpet

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[hakman]

/test pull-kops-e2e-k8s-aws-cilium-1-31

[hakman]

inkgo ran 1 suite in 15m52.628647124s
Test Suite Passed

/override pull-kops-e2e-k8s-aws-cilium-1-31

[k8s-ci-robot]

@hakman: Overrode contexts on behalf of hakman: pull-kops-e2e-k8s-aws-cilium-1-31

In response to this:

inkgo ran 1 suite in 15m52.628647124s
Test Suite Passed

/override pull-kops-e2e-k8s-aws-cilium-1-31

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