Update ruff formatting for Python 3.12

[legoktm]

In #7672 I noticed that we hadn't updated our linting tools to use 3.12 as our baseline. I included the mypy change in that PR so it would pass and because it was trivial. However, changing requires-python in pyproject.toml to 3.12 changes how ruff behaves and it has a ton of formatting and other changes that touches basically everything, my autogenerated diff stat is 73 files changed, 389 insertions(+), 421 deletions(-).

I would suggest we do this upgrade once the APIv2 and securedrop-admin packaging lands, because otherwise it's going to conflict with everything and it's trivial to apply the formatting afterwards and less trivial to fight rebase conflicts.