Simplify the use of Agent's Docker Image

[linghengqian]

For #33350.

Changes proposed in this pull request:

• Simplify the use of Agent's Docker Image. This properly aligns with the sidecar image processing of the skywalking agent. See https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/skywalking-java-agent .
• Bump Base Image to JDK23.
• I've verified this helps with Using the OpenTelemerty plugin with Agent will throw some undocumented exceptions #32793 .

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