GH-46831: [C++][R] Remove some pending references to CMake < 3.25 (docs + minor CMake references)

[raulcd]

Rationale for this change

Current system requirements is outdated and was not updated to match the CMake update on:

• GH-44950: [C++] Bump minimum CMake version to 3.25 #44989

While fixing the above it was noted that there were still other pending references on some of our codebase (docs + minor CMake)

What changes are included in this PR?

Update:

• R system requirements to CMake >= 3.25
• Build docs to refer to 3.25
• Update a couple of CMake references

Are these changes tested?

CI and Archery has been exercised, no new tests are required.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

• GitHub Issue: [R] SystemRequirements documentation incorrect for cmake version #46831

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #46831 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[assignUser]

Let's also update the docs: https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/docs/source/developers/cpp/building.rst?plain=1#L454

[thisisnic]

Let's also update the docs: https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/docs/source/developers/cpp/building.rst?plain=1#L454

Good point @assignUser. Also, here are a few other places we refer to 3.16:

arrow/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake

Lines 5305 to 5314 in 639201b

	function(build_azure_sdk)
	if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.22)
	# We can't disable installing Azure SDK for C++ by
	# "set_property(DIRECTORY ${azure_sdk_SOURCE_DIR} PROPERTY
	# EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE)" with CMake 3.16.
	#
	# At least CMake 3.22 on Ubuntu 22.04 works. So we use 3.22
	# here. We may be able to use more earlier version here.
	message(FATAL_ERROR "Building Azure SDK for C++ requires at least CMake 3.22. "
	"(At least we can't use CMake 3.16)")

arrow/ci/conan/all/conanfile.py

Lines 270 to 272 in 639201b

	def build_requirements(self):
	if Version(self.version) >= "13.0.0":
	self.tool_requires("cmake/[>=3.16 <4]")

arrow/cpp/examples/minimal_build/CMakeLists.txt

Line 18 in 639201b

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g conan example-cpp-minimal-*

[github-actions]

Revision: f0310e6

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-5c4d9c0865

Task	Status
conan-maximum
conan-minimum
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency

[kou]

+1

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 3 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 6822857.

There were 119 benchmark results with an error:

• Commit Run on arm64-t4g-2xlarge-linux at 2025-06-20 13:00:24Z
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=parquet, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-07, scale_factor=1
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=native, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-09, scale_factor=1
• and 117 more (see the report linked below)

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details.