Add checkstyle policy to java project #15555
Description
As suggested by @jacques-n in #65, a set of checkstyle policies should be added to Arrow java project so we can get best practices and style checks enforced at build time.
Reporter: Laurent Goujon / @laurentgo
Assignee: Tsuyoshi Ozawa / @oza
Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-208. Please see the migration documentation for further details.