use ruff and pyupgrade to support 3.11+ python language features

[andrijapau]

Context:

We dropped 3.9 support a while back but still have <3.9 language features 😢 . We should always stay up to date because,

• Improved Readability and Conciseness: New features often provide cleaner, more intuitive syntax, making code easier to read and maintain.
• Enhanced Performance: Upgrades frequently include optimizations to the language's core interpreter and new features that enable more efficient code.
• Essential Security and Bug Fixes: Newer versions receive crucial security patches and bug fixes that older versions do not, protecting your application from vulnerabilities.
• Better Tooling and Support: Modern development tools, linters, and IDEs are built for the latest language features, offering better error messages, analysis, and overall support.
• Reduced Technical Debt: Staying current prevents your codebase from becoming obsolete, making it easier to manage, maintain, and attract developers to your project.

Description of the Change:

PR was generated with,

% pyup_dirs --py311-plus --recursive pennylane 

which recursively fixes code to use language features from 3.11+. This was then followed up with,

% uvx ruff check pennylane --select F401 --fix               

which fixes "safe" unused import errors (from all of the no longer used typing imports).

⚠️ This PR adds pyupgrade to the pre-commit hook!

Benefits: Code uses features from 3.11+!

Possible Drawbacks: None.

[sc-95335]

[github-actions]

Hello. You may have forgotten to update the changelog!
Please edit doc/releases/changelog-dev.md with:

• A one-to-two sentence description of the change. You may include a small working example for new features.
• A link back to this PR.
• Your name (or GitHub username) in the contributors section.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 99.68%. Comparing base (9869c15) to head (0abbbc5).
⚠️ Report is 424 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #7860      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   99.68%   99.68%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         544      544              
  Lines       55471    55401      -70     
==========================================
- Hits        55296    55225      -71     
- Misses        175      176       +1     

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[JerryChen97]

😰 🚀