Enable stack protector

[bboilot-ledger]

Description

Support stack protector (stack canaries) to protect against stack buffer overflows.
Close #120

Changes include

• Bugfix (non-breaking change that solves an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change that adds functionality)
• Breaking change (change that is not backwards-compatible and/or changes current functionality)
• Tests
• Documentation
• Other (for changes that might not fit in any category)

Breaking changes

This PR enable clang stack protection mechanism. It is a breaking change as it requires clang-19.

Auto cherry-pick in API_LEVEL

If requested to port the commits from this PR on a dedicated API_LEVEL branch,
select the targeted one(s), or add new references if not listed:

[ ] TARGET_API_LEVEL: API_LEVEL_24
[ ] TARGET_API_LEVEL: API_LEVEL_25

This will only create the PR with cherry-picks, ready to be reviewed and merged.

Remember:

• The merge will ALWAYS be a manual operation.
• It is possible the cherry-picks don't apply correctly, mainly if previous commits have been forgotten.
• In case of failure, there is no other solution than redo the operation manually...

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 62.29%. Comparing base (52dab0b) to head (c20b35b).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #1128   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   62.29%   62.29%           
=======================================
  Files          13       13           
  Lines        1809     1809           
=======================================
  Hits         1127     1127           
  Misses        682      682           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	62.29% <ø> (ø)

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