build: bump rust toolchain version

[kevinzwang]

Bump the Rust toolchain version up to a nightly channel, since rust-analyzer now only supports 1.82.0+, which means our previous version (1.82.0 nightly) is not supported.

Would prefer to bump it to the latest nightly but there are way too many Clippy lint errors already. Using a recent nightly because the other ones turned out to be buggy.

Bulk of the errors are straightfoward Clippy lint fixes. I chose to pretty much fix all of them except for the ones in our forked packages (arrow2 and parquet2).

[kevinzwang]

Clippy holding me hostage with a million linting errors for a simple version bump

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 75.89286% with 81 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.54%. Comparing base (e315c21) to head (aa2c810).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/daft-io/src/azure_blob.rs	0.00%	10 Missing ⚠️
src/daft-io/src/http.rs	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
src/daft-sql/src/schema.rs	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
src/daft-io/src/s3_like.rs	58.33%	5 Missing ⚠️
src/daft-core/src/array/ops/list.rs	82.60%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/daft-io/src/google_cloud.rs	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/daft-recordbatch/src/ops/joins/merge_join.rs	55.55%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/common/display/src/mermaid.rs	40.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/daft-core/src/array/ops/pairwise.rs	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
...daft-physical-plan/src/physical_planner/display.rs	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
... and 25 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3910      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   78.49%   78.54%   +0.05%     
==========================================
  Files         767      767              
  Lines       97826    97772      -54     
==========================================
+ Hits        76786    76794       +8     
+ Misses      21040    20978      -62     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
daft/expressions/expressions.py	94.00% <ø> (ø)
src/common/arrow-ffi/src/lib.rs	99.23% <100.00%> (ø)
src/common/daft-config/src/lib.rs	86.25% <ø> (ø)
src/common/display/src/table_display.rs	80.89% <100.00%> (ø)
src/common/display/src/tree.rs	31.81% <100.00%> (-5.69%)	⬇️
src/common/error/src/error.rs	83.87% <100.00%> (-0.51%)	⬇️
src/common/io-config/src/python.rs	62.05% <100.00%> (+0.14%)	⬆️
src/common/io-config/src/s3.rs	62.24% <100.00%> (+0.51%)	⬆️
src/common/partitioning/src/lib.rs	6.12% <ø> (ø)
src/common/runtime/src/lib.rs	91.21% <100.00%> (+0.24%)	⬆️
... and 125 more

... and 95 files with indirect coverage changes