Faster symmetry breaking (#1502)

* Faster symmetry breaking

* Address comments

Author: brahmaneya

requirements.txt

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ tqdm>=4.33.0,<5.0.0
 # Internal models
 scikit-learn>=0.20.2,<0.22.0
 torch>=1.1.0,<1.2.0
+munkres==1.1.2
 
 # LF dependency learning
 networkx>=2.2,<2.4

scripts/check_requirements.py

@@ -103,9 +103,11 @@ def parse_setup() -> Tuple[PackagesType, PackagesType, Set[str], Set[str]]:
 def main() -> int:
     exit_code = 0
 
-    requirements_essential, requirements_other, requirements_duplicate = (
-        parse_requirements()
-    )
+    (
+        requirements_essential,
+        requirements_other,
+        requirements_duplicate,
+    ) = parse_requirements()
     requirements_all = dict(requirements_essential, **requirements_other)
     setup_essential, setup_test, essential_duplicates, test_duplicates = parse_setup()
 

setup.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     packages=find_packages(),
     include_package_data=True,
     install_requires=[
+        "munkres==1.1.2",
         "numpy>=1.16.0,<2.0.0",
         "scipy>=1.2.0,<2.0.0",
         "pandas>=0.25.0,<0.26.0",

snorkel/labeling/model/label_model.py

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 import logging
 import pickle
 import random
-from collections import Counter
-from itertools import chain, permutations
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import Any, DefaultDict, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
 import torch.optim as optim
+from munkres import Munkres  # type: ignore
 
 from snorkel.analysis import Scorer
 from snorkel.labeling.analysis import LFAnalysis
@@ -755,33 +756,6 @@ def _clamp_params(self) -> None:
             mu_eps = min(0.01, 1 / 10 ** np.ceil(np.log10(self.n)))
         self.mu.data = self.mu.clamp(mu_eps, 1 - mu_eps)  # type: ignore
 
-    def _count_accurate_lfs(self, mu: np.ndarray) -> int:
-        r"""Count the number of LFs that are estimated to be better than random.
-
-        Return the number of LFs are estimated to be more accurate than not when not
-        abstaining, i.e., where
-
-            P(\lf = Y) > P(\lf != Y, \lf != -1).
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        mu
-            An [m * k, k] np.ndarray with entries in [0, 1]
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        int
-            Number of LFs better than random
-        """
-        P = self.P.cpu().detach().numpy()
-        cprobs = self._get_conditional_probs(mu)
-        count = 0
-        for i in range(self.m):
-            probs = cprobs[i, 1:] @ P
-            if 2 * np.diagonal(probs).sum() - probs.sum() > 0:
-                count += 1
-        return count
-
     def _break_col_permutation_symmetry(self) -> None:
         r"""Heuristically choose amongst (possibly) several valid mu values.
 
@@ -794,38 +768,41 @@ def _break_col_permutation_symmetry(self) -> None:
             2. diag(O) = sum(mu @ P, axis=1)
         Then any column permutation matrix Z that commutes with P will also equivalently
         satisfy these objectives, and thus is an equally valid (symmetric) solution.
-        Therefore, we select the solution where the most LFs are estimated to be more
-        accurate than not when not abstaining, i.e., where for the majority of LFs,
-
-            P(\lf = Y) > P(\lf != Y, \lf != -1).
+        Therefore, we select the solution that maximizes the summed probability of the
+        LFs being accurate when not abstaining.
 
-        This is the standard assumption we have made in algorithmic and theoretical
-        work to date. Note however that this is not the only possible heuristic /
-        assumption that we could use, and in practice this may require further
-        iteration here.
+            \sum_lf \sum_{y=1}^{cardinality} P(\lf = y, Y = y)
         """
         mu = self.mu.cpu().detach().numpy()
         P = self.P.cpu().detach().numpy()
         d, k = mu.shape
-
-        # Iterate through the possible perumation matrices and track heuristic scores
-        Zs = []
-        scores = []
-        for idxs in permutations(range(k)):
-            Z = np.eye(k)[:, idxs]
-            Zs.append(Z)
-
-            # If Z and P commute, get heuristic score, else skip
-            if np.allclose(Z @ P, P @ Z):
-                scores.append(self._count_accurate_lfs(mu @ Z))
-            else:
-                scores.append(-1)
-
-        # Set mu according to highest-scoring permutation
+        # We want to maximize the sum of diagonals of matrices for each LF. So
+        # we start by computing the sum of conditional probabilities here.
+        probs_sum = sum([mu[i : i + k] for i in range(0, self.m * k, k)]) @ P
+
+        munkres_solver = Munkres()
+        Z = np.zeros([k, k])
+
+        # Compute groups of indicess with equal prior in P.
+        groups: DefaultDict[float, List[int]] = defaultdict(list)
+        for i, f in enumerate(P.diagonal()):
+            groups[np.around(f, 3)].append(i)
+        for group in groups.values():
+            if len(group) == 1:
+                Z[group[0], group[0]] = 1.0  # Identity permutation
+                continue
+            # Compute submatrix corresponding to the group.
+            probs_proj = probs_sum[[[g] for g in group], group]
+            # Use the Munkres algorithm to find the optimal permutation.
+            # We use minus because we want to maximize diagonal sum, not minimize,
+            # and transpose because we want to permute columns, not rows.
+            permutation_pairs = munkres_solver.compute(-probs_proj.T)
+            for i, j in permutation_pairs:
+                Z[group[i], group[j]] = 1.0
+
+        # Set mu according to permutation
         self.mu = nn.Parameter(
-            torch.Tensor(mu @ Zs[np.argmax(scores)]).to(  # type: ignore
-                self.config.device
-            )
+            torch.Tensor(mu @ Z).to(self.config.device)  # type: ignore
         )
 
     def fit(

test/labeling/model/test_label_model.py

@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ def test_set_mu_eps(self):
         label_model.fit(L, mu_eps=mu_eps)
         self.assertAlmostEqual(label_model.get_conditional_probs()[0, 1, 0], mu_eps)
 
-    def test_count_accurate_lfs(self):
+    def test_symmetry_breaking(self):
         mu = np.array(
             [
                 # LF 0
@@ -431,52 +431,62 @@ def test_count_accurate_lfs(self):
                 [0.25, 0.75],
             ]
         )
+        mu = mu[:, [1, 0]]
 
         # First test: Two "good" LFs
         label_model = LabelModel(verbose=False)
         label_model._set_class_balance(None, None)
         label_model.m = 3
-        self.assertEqual(label_model._count_accurate_lfs(mu), 2)
+        label_model.mu = nn.Parameter(torch.from_numpy(mu))
+        label_model._break_col_permutation_symmetry()
+        self.assertEqual(label_model.mu.data[0, 0], 0.75)
 
-        # Second test: Now they should all be "good" due to class balance, since we're
-        # counting accuracy (not conditional probabilities)
+        # Test with non-uniform class balance
+        # It should not consider the "correct" permutation as does not commute now
         label_model = LabelModel(verbose=False)
         label_model._set_class_balance([0.9, 0.1], None)
         label_model.m = 3
-        self.assertEqual(label_model._count_accurate_lfs(mu), 3)
+        label_model.mu = nn.Parameter(torch.from_numpy(mu))
+        label_model._break_col_permutation_symmetry()
+        self.assertEqual(label_model.mu.data[0, 0], 0.25)
 
-    def test_symmetry_breaking(self):
+    def test_symmetry_breaking_multiclass(self):
         mu = np.array(
             [
                 # LF 0
-                [0.75, 0.25],
-                [0.25, 0.75],
+                [0.75, 0.15, 0.1],
+                [0.20, 0.75, 0.3],
+                [0.05, 0.10, 0.6],
                 # LF 1
-                [0.25, 0.75],
-                [0.15, 0.25],
+                [0.25, 0.55, 0.3],
+                [0.15, 0.45, 0.4],
+                [0.20, 0.00, 0.3],
                 # LF 2
-                [0.75, 0.25],
-                [0.25, 0.75],
+                [0.5, 0.15, 0.2],
+                [0.3, 0.65, 0.2],
+                [0.2, 0.20, 0.6],
             ]
         )
-        mu = mu[:, [1, 0]]
+        mu = mu[:, [1, 2, 0]]
 
         # First test: Two "good" LFs
-        label_model = LabelModel(verbose=False)
+        label_model = LabelModel(cardinality=3, verbose=False)
         label_model._set_class_balance(None, None)
         label_model.m = 3
         label_model.mu = nn.Parameter(torch.from_numpy(mu))
         label_model._break_col_permutation_symmetry()
         self.assertEqual(label_model.mu.data[0, 0], 0.75)
+        self.assertEqual(label_model.mu.data[1, 1], 0.75)
 
         # Test with non-uniform class balance
-        # It should not consider the "correct" permutation as does not commute now
-        label_model = LabelModel(verbose=False)
-        label_model._set_class_balance([0.9, 0.1], None)
+        # It should not consider the "correct" permutation as it does not commute
+        label_model = LabelModel(cardinality=3, verbose=False)
+        label_model._set_class_balance([0.7, 0.2, 0.1], None)
         label_model.m = 3
         label_model.mu = nn.Parameter(torch.from_numpy(mu))
         label_model._break_col_permutation_symmetry()
-        self.assertEqual(label_model.mu.data[0, 0], 0.25)
+        self.assertEqual(label_model.mu.data[0, 0], 0.15)
+        self.assertEqual(label_model.mu.data[1, 1], 0.3)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.complex
@@ -528,7 +538,7 @@ def test_label_model_sparse(self) -> None:
 
         # Test predicted labels *only on non-abstained data points*
         Y_pred = label_model.predict(L, tie_break_policy="abstain")
-        idx, = np.where(Y_pred != -1)
+        (idx,) = np.where(Y_pred != -1)
         acc = np.where(Y_pred[idx] == Y[idx], 1, 0).sum() / len(idx)
         self.assertGreaterEqual(acc, 0.65)