make C extension work on newest ruby

BDIGIT api is internal ruby C api, and was removed from public api after
merge of Bignum and Fixnum into Integer.
Now use public C ruby api.

It is slower than previous BDIGIT api, but much faster than ruby version

                                       user     system      total       real
distance3_bdigit                   0.198673   0.000000   0.198673 (0.198672)
distance3_public                   0.373779   0.000000   0.373779 (0.373777)
distance3_ruby                     1.824285   0.000000   1.824285 (1.824315)

Author: haukot

extconf.rb

@@ -3,23 +3,16 @@
 File.write "Makefile", dummy_makefile(?.).join
 
 unless Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new("2.3.8")
-  if ruby_source_dir = if File.directory? "/ruby"
-    "-I/ruby"  # for Github Actions: docker (currently disabled) and benchmark
-  elsif ENV["RBENV_ROOT"] && ENV["RBENV_VERSION"] && File.exist?(t = "#{ENV["RBENV_ROOT"]}/sources/#{ENV["RBENV_VERSION"]}/ruby-#{ENV["RBENV_VERSION"]}/bignum.c")   # https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv/issues/1199
-    "-I#{File.dirname t}"
-  end
-    append_cppflags ruby_source_dir
-    append_cppflags "-DRUBY_EXPORT" unless Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new("2.4")
-    create_makefile "idhash"
-    # Why this hack?
-    # 1. Because I want to use Ruby and ./idhash.bundle for tests, not C.
-    # 2. Because I don't want to bother users with two gems instead of one.
-    File.write "Makefile", <<~HEREDOC + File.read("Makefile")
-      .PHONY: test
-      test: all
-      \t$(RUBY) -r./lib/dhash-vips.rb ./lib/dhash-vips-post-install-test.rb
-    HEREDOC
-  end
+  append_cppflags "-DRUBY_EXPORT" unless Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new("2.4")
+  create_makefile "idhash"
+  # Why this hack?
+  # 1. Because I want to use Ruby and ./idhash.bundle for tests, not C.
+  # 2. Because I don't want to bother users with two gems instead of one.
+  File.write "Makefile", <<~HEREDOC + File.read("Makefile")
+    .PHONY: test
+    test: all
+    \t$(RUBY) -r./lib/dhash-vips.rb ./lib/dhash-vips-post-install-test.rb
+  HEREDOC
 end
 
 __END__

idhash.c

@@ -1,29 +1,58 @@
-#include <bignum.c>
+#include <ruby.h>
 
+// extract bignum to array of unsigned ints
+static unsigned int * idhash_bignum_to_buf(VALUE a, size_t *num) {
+    size_t word_numbits = sizeof(unsigned int) * CHAR_BIT;
+    size_t nlz_bits = 0;
+    *num = rb_absint_numwords(a, word_numbits, &nlz_bits);
+
+    if (*num == (size_t)-1) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Number too large to represent and overflow occured");
+    }
+
+    unsigned int *buf = ALLOC_N(unsigned int, *num);
+
+    rb_integer_pack(a, buf, *num, sizeof(unsigned int), 0,
+                    INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER|
+                    INTEGER_PACK_2COMP);
+
+    return buf;
+}
+
+// does ((a ^ b) & (a | b) >> 128)
 static VALUE idhash_distance(VALUE self, VALUE a, VALUE b){
-    BDIGIT* tempd;
-    long i, an = BIGNUM_LEN(a), bn = BIGNUM_LEN(b), templ, acc = 0;
-    BDIGIT* as = BDIGITS(a);
-    BDIGIT* bs = BDIGITS(b);
-    while (0 < an && as[an-1] == 0) an--; // for (i = an; --i;) printf("%u\n", as[i]);
-    while (0 < bn && bs[bn-1] == 0) bn--; // for (i = bn; --i;) printf("%u\n", bs[i]);
-    // printf("%lu %lu\n", an, bn);
+    size_t an, bn;
+    unsigned int *as = idhash_bignum_to_buf(a, &an);
+    unsigned int *bs = idhash_bignum_to_buf(b, &bn);
+
+    while (an > 0 && as[an-1] == 0) an--;
+    while (bn > 0 && bs[bn-1] == 0) bn--;
+
     if (an < bn) {
+      unsigned int *tempd; size_t templ;
       tempd = as; as = bs; bs = tempd;
       templ = an; an = bn; bn = templ;
     }
-    for (i = an; i-- > 4;) {
-      // printf("%ld : (%u | %u) & (%u ^ %u)\n", i, as[i], (i >= bn ? 0 : bs[i]), as[i-4], bs[i-4]);
-      acc += __builtin_popcountl((as[i] | (i >= bn ? 0 : bs[i])) & (as[i-4] ^ bs[i-4]));
-      // printf("%ld : %ld\n", i, acc);
+
+    size_t i;
+    long acc = 0;
+    // to count >> 128
+    size_t cycles = 128 / (sizeof(unsigned int) * CHAR_BIT);
+
+    for (i = an; i-- > cycles;) {
+      acc += __builtin_popcountl((as[i] | (i >= bn ? 0 : bs[i])) & (as[i-cycles] ^ (i-cycles >= bn ? 0 : bs[i-cycles])));
     }
+
     RB_GC_GUARD(a);
     RB_GC_GUARD(b);
+    xfree(as);
+    xfree(bs);
+
     return INT2FIX(acc);
 }
 
 void Init_idhash() {
-  VALUE m = rb_define_module("DHashVips");
-  VALUE mm = rb_define_module_under(m, "IDHash");
-  rb_define_module_function(mm, "distance3_c", idhash_distance, 2);
+    VALUE m = rb_define_module("DHashVips");
+    VALUE mm = rb_define_module_under(m, "IDHash");
+    rb_define_module_function(mm, "distance3_c", idhash_distance, 2);
 }